Critical care echo guides

Step-by-step guides to the Doppler measurements used at the bedside. Each one has a live simulator where you can move the gate or cursor yourself.

• How to measure LVOT VTI

  Step-by-step LVOT VTI on echo: the apical 5-chamber view, where to put the PW gate, how to trace it, normal values, stroke volume, cardiac output and passive leg raise. With a live gate simulator and a stroke volume calculator.

• How to measure TAPSE

  How to measure TAPSE (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion): RV-focused apical 4-chamber view, M-mode cursor placement, where to put the calipers, the 17 mm cutoff and common pitfalls. With a live M-mode simulator.

• E/e′: how to measure it

  How to measure septal and lateral e′ with tissue Doppler, mitral E with PW Doppler, and calculate average E/e′. Gate placement, 2025 ASE cutoffs and pitfalls, with a live tissue Doppler simulator and an E/e′ calculator.

• How to estimate RVSP

  Estimate RV systolic pressure on echo: line up CW Doppler with the TR jet, measure peak velocity, estimate RAP from the IVC and calculate RVSP with 4V² + RAP. Cutoffs, pitfalls, a live CW simulator and an RVSP calculator.

• The 2025 ASE diastolic function algorithm

  The 2025 ASE algorithm for LV diastolic function and LA pressure in sinus rhythm: the three primary variables, supplemental variables, how grades 1 to 3 are assigned and when it does not apply. With a free calculator and live Doppler.

• Tamponade: Doppler inflow variation

  How to assess tamponade physiology with Doppler: effusion and chamber collapse, then mitral and tricuspid inflow respiratory variation with a respirometer and slow sweep. Cutoffs, technique and caveats, with a live simulator and a variation calculator.

Critical Care Echo Trainer: practice all five measurements on live Doppler with random cases and an answer key. $59, one-time.